Statistics & Data
Shapiro–Wilk gives p < 0.05 and many researchers jump to Mann–Whitney. But normality tests usually answer the wrong question, and Mann–Whitney does not compare
Statistics & Data
When the outcome is pass or fail, dropped out or stayed, linear regression no longer fits. How to read logistic coefficients, convert them to odds ratios, avoid
Statistics & Data
A significant F is only half an answer. Checking assumptions, when to use Welch’s ANOVA, choosing the right post hoc test, reading interactions in two-way ANOVA
Statistics & Data
Running an independent t-test on before-and-after data from the same people is an error reviewers spot at once. Five questions about outcome, groups and indepen
Statistics & Data
Average income is 2,500 a month, yet half the respondents earn under 1,200. Choosing the right measures of centre and spread, telling SD from SE, and presenting
Research Methods
Many qualitative results chapters are just a list of headings with quotes underneath. A real theme is an argued claim. Here is how to code, build themes and wri
