Thống kê và dữ liệu
The ordinal-versus-interval argument about Likert data has run for decades. The practical answer lies in separating a single item from a multi-item scale, and i
Thống kê và dữ liệu
Many errors in quantitative papers sit in the data file, not the model: unreversed items, duplicates, an age of 250. A logged cleaning routine that lets you exp
Phương pháp nghiên cứu
Counting how often newspapers mention vocational education sounds easy until two coders read the same article and disagree. Here is how to design a content anal
Phương pháp nghiên cứu
National survey datasets offer tens of thousands of households, free and already cleaned. Ignore the sampling weights, misread a missing-value code or merge wav
Phương pháp nghiên cứu
A survey chapter on one side, an interview chapter on the other, and a discussion that never joins them. That is the most common flaw in mixed methods. How to c
Phương pháp nghiên cứu
Many proposals pick “quantitative” first and write the question afterwards. Reverse it: read the verb in your research question and let it decide the design, th
